Top 10 Most Populous Countries in the World (2024)
Alternative Research
Top 10 Most Populous Countries in the World, 2024 (in Millions)
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Source:World Meters Publication Date: 2024 Region: Worldwide Survey time period: November 2024
Description of the Top 10 Populations in the World (2024)
As of 2024, the global landscape of population distribution continues to be dominated by countries in Asia, with India and China leading the world by a significant margin. Below is an overview of the top 10 most populous countries and why they stand at the forefront.
India – 1,450,935,791 India’s population continues to rise at a rapid pace, with a yearly increase of nearly 13 million people. The country’s young median age (28 years) and relatively high fertility rate (2.0 children per woman) contribute to this growth. India’s population density of 488 people per square kilometer highlights its overcrowded urban spaces. India’s growth is largely driven by its expanding economy and urbanization, which continue to attract internal migration.
China – 1,419,321,278 Despite having the largest population for many years, China is experiencing a slight population decline, with a negative yearly change. This can be attributed to a low fertility rate (1.0 children per woman) and an aging population (median age of 40). The one-child policy (recently relaxed) has had long-lasting effects on China’s demographics. Nevertheless, China remains a global powerhouse due to its economic influence and large labor force.
United States – 345,426,571 The United States has a growing population, with a steady yearly increase. While it does not match the sheer numbers of India or China, its high urbanization rate (82%) and relatively high fertility rate (1.6) allow it to maintain strong population growth. The U.S. also experiences substantial migration, contributing to its demographic diversity. Its expansive land area (9,147,420 km²) helps accommodate the increasing population.
Indonesia – 283,487,931 Indonesia has one of the largest populations in Southeast Asia. It continues to grow at a steady rate, driven by a high fertility rate (2.1 children per woman) and young median age (30 years). The country’s urban areas are becoming increasingly congested, with the majority of the population living on the island of Java. Indonesia’s economic development and regional importance make it an essential player on the world stage.
Pakistan – 251,269,164 Pakistan’s population is growing rapidly, with an annual increase of over 3.7 million people. The country’s fertility rate (3.5 children per woman) and youthful median age (20 years) are key factors in this rapid growth. However, Pakistan faces challenges in managing this growth due to limited resources and high poverty rates, which can strain its infrastructure and healthcare systems.
Nigeria – 232,679,478 Nigeria’s population is expanding rapidly, with a significant yearly increase of 4.8 million people. It has one of the highest fertility rates in the world (4.4 children per woman). Nigeria’s growth is driven by a youthful population (median age of 18 years), and it remains a critical economic and geopolitical player in Africa. However, the country faces challenges related to poverty, political instability, and regional disparities.
Brazil – 211,998,573 Brazil’s population growth has slowed compared to other countries on this list, but it remains one of the most populous countries in the world. The country’s urbanization rate (91%) and a moderate fertility rate (1.6 children per woman) are contributing factors. Brazil has vast land areas (8,358,140 km²), and its growth is fueled by a growing middle class and urban expansion.
Bangladesh – 173,562,364 Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities globally (1,333 people per km²), which is a reflection of its rapidly growing population. The fertility rate (2.1 children per woman) and a young median age (26 years) support this growth. With limited land area (130,170 km²) and the overwhelming majority of people living in urban centers, Bangladesh faces significant challenges in terms of infrastructure, healthcare, and employment.
Russia – 144,820,423 Russia’s population is in decline, with a negative yearly change. A low fertility rate (1.5 children per woman) combined with an aging population (median age of 40 years) contributes to this trend. Despite having a vast land area (16,376,870 km²), Russia struggles with depopulation in rural areas and a shrinking labor force. It is also affected by emigration and a declining birthrate.
Ethiopia – 132,059,767 Ethiopia’s population is growing rapidly at a rate of 2.6% annually. The country’s high fertility rate (3.9 children per woman) and youthful median age (19 years) are major contributors to this growth. Ethiopia is one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, with improvements in education and healthcare driving further population growth. However, it still faces challenges related to poverty, infrastructure, and political instability.
Why These Countries Have Large Populations
The top 10 most populous countries share certain characteristics that drive their large populations:
Young Median Age: Many of these countries have a younger population, which contributes to higher birth rates and natural population growth.
High Fertility Rates: Countries like Nigeria, Pakistan, and Ethiopia have some of the highest fertility rates in the world, which fuels their population growth.
Urbanization: Large populations tend to be concentrated in urban areas, especially in countries like India, Indonesia, and Brazil, where infrastructure development is expanding to accommodate growing populations.
Migration: Some countries, particularly the U.S., attract migrants, which contributes to their population growth despite lower natural growth rates.
Economic Factors: Countries experiencing economic development and improvements in healthcare, such as Ethiopia and Nigeria, often see increases in life expectancy and population growth.
These countries’ large populations not only shape their economies and political landscapes but also pose significant challenges related to resources, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability. Managing these populations effectively will be crucial for their future growth and development.
